Module 01

Diegesis: telling worlds without narrating them

The cinematic concept of diegesis applied to design fiction: show, don't tell.

8 min3 resources

In cinema, an object is "diegetic" when it belongs to the world of the story. Star Wars' lightsaber exists in the film's world — not ours. The poster on the protagonist's wall, the bottle on the table, the phone they use: all diegetic elements that build the world without needing explanations.

Julian Bleecker adapted this concept to design fiction with the term "diegetic prototype": an object designed as if it belonged to a future world. It does not need to work — it needs to be credible enough to provoke a conversation. An ID badge for "Class B" citizens. A manual for a home environmental monitoring device. A receipt from a drone delivery service.

The fundamental principle is "show, don't tell". A report on the future of surveillance describes trends, statistics, scenarios. A diegetic badge shows the future: the design, the colours, the information required, the language used. Whoever looks at it immediately understands what kind of world produced it — without reading a word of analysis.

Diegesis works through details. A 2040 instruction manual does not say "in the future privacy no longer exists" — it shows a chapter on how to register your biometric data to access public services. A product catalogue does not say "the circular economy has won" — it shows repairable, modular objects with labels on material provenance.

This approach has an enormous advantage in civic and participatory contexts. When you present a scenario as a report, people become critics of the document — they find errors, challenge the premises, get bored. When you present a diegetic artefact, people become inhabitants of the world: "Would I use this?", "Who has access to this service?", "What happens if I lose the badge?".

Building diegesis requires rigour. Every detail of the artefact — typography, colours, language, materials — must be coherent with the world you are imagining. An incoherence breaks immersion and reduces the artefact to a curiosity instead of a tool for reflection.

Key takeaways

  • Diegesis is the implicit narrative world that an artefact evokes
  • Diegetic prototypes show the future without explicitly describing it
  • The "show, don't tell" principle makes scenarios more accessible and debatable
  • Every detail of the artefact must be coherent with the imagined world

Reflection prompt

Choose a public service you use (healthcare, transport, school). Imagine what the "receipt" or "badge" for that service would look like in a future where equity is the priority. What would it show, without explaining it in words?

Further reading